Hi guys, how are you doing. I should be watching a movie but this thread was too entertaining to read
First. The definition of moe... it's not clear. Actually, it's very difficult to grasp even for fans, because it is not something concrete and clearly or inequivocally associated to a trend or genre. It is more of a feeling, and the attempts to actively ellicit it (and, by the way, not exclusive to schoolgirls or even female characters). And which kind of? Well, think of it as what you feel whenever you search kitty gifs on Google. It's cuteness, but a pure and unadulterated one. That is, cute for the sake of being cute. If you were asking for the reason why
K-On! is classified for adults instead of kids, here it is: kids do not engage in cuteness just because it's cute. Kids shows may be cute, but their appeal for the audience is different: it's flashy, it makes them laugh, it has action, you name it.
K-On! is more of a "feel good" show in the general sense; it is
all about cuteness, not only in appearance but in interactions and mood.
Just like kitty gifs, moe is not inherently sexualized, but that however doesn't mean that sexualization is immediately disallowed. Moe is an element that does not exclude others. And schoolgirls is a particularly risky matter because there's a lot of
fetish involving schoolgirl scenario, so even if the show itself does not try to ellicit an erotic response in purpose, there will always be somebody who interprets the show as that. If we are talking about intent, however, this is not necessarily what the show actively looks for. This is relevant because I'm reading that part of this discussion is pivoting around the idea that some people may find sexual appeal in these drawings...Which I find completely irrelevant to the topic. Some people may find sexual appeal in Disney princesses as well.
Regarding the examples brought by Guaporense, a few considerations...
-
Azumanga Daioh is more of a comedy than anything else; the interactions are mainly there for delivering jokes than for being cute, and cuteness is more of a general mood thing. Sexualization in this show is virtually non-existant... only as a topic that is talked about in casual conversations. The characters are always drawn in a plain and asexual way.
-
K-On!, which was originally published for adult males, gained a female fanbase with its anime adaptation. I don't know the exact reasons but apparently it is because the content is less "objectionable"; in the K-On! manga there seems to be some kind of sexualization to the characters that is lost in the adaptation in favor of a cutesy mood.
-
Yotsuba is a manga classified for adult males, but I believe it has an appeal for generally any adult reader; kids and teens can enjoy it, but it's clearly not intended for them. It's very contemplative and self-aware, and makes use of the innocent perspective of a kid to make satirical observations about the daily life of Japanese societies.
They are quite substantially different, at least the versions I've watched/read, and these differences mostly stem from their style of comedy, which is either the driving force or an important and defining element. There is, however, moe associated to other genres or narratives, just like the
Clannad franchise which is drama almost in its entirety.